Only one out of every five cases of ovarian cancer are detected early. In its early phase, there might not be any obvious symptoms because they overlap with other conditions. Additionally, there isn't a test for ovarian cancer screening at the moment. This lowers a person's chances of surviving because it is typically discovered after it has spread. Ovarian cancer accounts for 25 per cent of gynaecological cancers and 50 per cent of deaths from cancer of female genital tract in developed countries.
Ovarian cancer is more common in developed countries with the highest incidence in Sweden. Dr. Dhanaraj S Thakare (M.D., D.G.O., D.F.P.) also points out that high rate of this cancer is prominent among women working with asbestos, near tower radiations. It is also highly likely to be detected in women previously treated for pelvic irradiation. It poses as an increased risk for women with either early onset of menstruation or late menopause. It is estimated that women whose mothers or sisters have suffered ovarian cancer are posed to be at twofold increased risk.
According to a 2022 retrospective assessment, 70 per cent of patients with high-risk early-stage ovarian cancer reported having one or more symptoms, despite the fact that early-stage ovarian cancer is frequently asymptomatic. Noncancerous conditions are the cause of the symptoms, which are often ambiguous. However, for a few weeks, ovarian cancer symptoms typically appear nearly every day. Additionally, the duration or intensity of symptoms may differ from what is seen as normal. Here are some of the quiet indicators of ovarian cancer that could be overlooked.
Constant Bloating In The Abdomen
The most often reported symptom among patients with ovarian cancer is bloating. Bloating is a common occurrence, particularly before and at the beginning of periods or after a heavy meal. Bloating is usually noticeable during pregnancy or when wearing tight clothing. The peritoneal cavity, the area of the abdomen that houses the stomach, liver, and intestines, is the most frequent pathway for ovarian cancer to spread. As the cancer progresses to the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum), it may result in ascites, or fluid accumulation inside the belly. It may also occur when cancer cells obstruct lymphatic outflow, which stops the peritoneum's fluid from being reabsorbed.
Pain, Cramping, Or Pressure In The Abdomen Or Pelvis
According to a 2020 study, bloating was the most often reported ovarian cancer symptom, followed by stomach or pelvic pain and discomfort. Similar to menstruation cramps, some people report experiencing cramping pain. Others have pain that feels like pressure. The discomfort may be localised to one side of the pelvis or it may be felt throughout.
Feeling Full After Having A Light Dinner
Bloating is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum, which can put pressure on the stomach and make someone feel full all the time or after eating a small meal. Eating difficulties and a lack of appetite may result from this.
Issues With The Urinary System
The bladder is near the ovaries. The bladder and urinary system may be impacted by changes in the ovaries. A developing tumour could put pressure on the bladder and lead to problems. The following are typical urine symptoms linked to ovarian cancer:
• Frequent urination
• Strong urge to urinate
• Pain or pressure in the bladder that causes urine to leak
Changes In Menstruation
A less frequent sign of ovarian cancer is vaginal bleeding following menopause or bleeding or spotting in between cycles. Ovarian cancer may also be indicated by discharges that are unusual for the individual. According to the previously cited 2022 retrospective assessment, vaginal bleeding was an early illness sign in 13 per cent of individuals. According to the American Cancer Society, changes in a woman's menstrual cycle may also be an indication of ovarian cancer. Missing a period or experiencing more severe bleeding than normal are examples of changes. However, hormone imbalances, stress, pregnancy, and low body weight are also typical causes of menstruation abnormalities.
Modifications To Bathroom Routines
Other gastrointestinal symptoms, in addition to bloating and stomach discomfort, could indicate ovarian cancer. Changes in bowel habits are reported by one in five individuals. Indigestion, constipation, diarrhoea, and changes in bowel habits can all result from a developing tumour pressing against the intestines.
Additional Signs And Symptoms
Ovarian cancer may also be indicated by the following symptoms:
• Exhaustion
• Back ache
• Weight loss or weight increase
• Bleeding after sex, or painful sex (dyspareunia)