In India, women’s health and fitness have long been overlooked, especially in rural areas, where access to healthcare and awareness about physical activity remain limited. A 2022 study published in The Lancet Global Health revealed that approximately 50 per cent of Indian adults engaged in insufficient physical activity. Notably, 57 per cent of women were physically inactive compared to 42 per cent of men, indicating a substantial gender gap in physical activity levels. A survey by HealthifyMe found that 53 per cent of Indian women are "inactive," burning less than 50 per cent of the recommended daily calories through physical activity. In comparison, 44 per cent of men fell into this category. A women's health report titled "Live Well and Stay Healthy: Lifestyle is a Powerful Medicine" revealed that 51 per cent of women in India face ongoing health issues such as menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, urinary tract infections (UTIs), fibroids, diabetes, and infertility.
These statistics underscore the critical need for targeted interventions to promote physical activity and address health issues among women in India, particularly in rural areas. In recent years, Indian state governments have implemented various initiatives to promote women's health and fitness in rural areas.
These efforts encompass free health check-ups, the establishment of gyms and yoga camps, nutrition programs, and the active involvement of self-help groups (SHGs) and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). Additionally, sports programs and physical activity campaigns have been introduced to encourage rural women's participation in physical fitness activities.
State-wise Government Initiatives Focused on Women's Health and Fitness in Rural Areas
Several state governments have launched programs tailored to enhance women's health and fitness in rural regions:
Karnataka: The state has established numerous Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) under the Ayushman Bharat initiative, providing comprehensive primary healthcare services, including maternal and child health services, to rural women.
Maharashtra: The state government has implemented the "Mata Balak Nutrition Mission," focusing on improving nutritional outcomes for women and children in rural areas.
Odisha: The "Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana" offers free health services to women in rural regions, ensuring access to essential healthcare without financial burden.
States Offering Free Health Check-ups, Gyms, Yoga Camps, and Nutrition Programs
Some states have introduced comprehensive programs that include free health check-ups, the establishment of gyms, yoga camps, and nutrition initiatives.
Kerala: The "Kudumbashree" mission has been instrumental in setting up community health programs, including free health check-ups and yoga sessions, promoting holistic health among rural women.
Tamil Nadu: The state has launched mobile health units that conduct free health screenings in rural areas, alongside organising yoga camps and nutrition awareness programs to enhance women's health.
Role of Self-Help Groups and ASHA Workers in Driving Awareness
Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) play a pivotal role in promoting health awareness among rural women.
Self-Help Groups (SHGs): These groups empower women by providing platforms for financial independence and social interaction. They actively participate in disseminating health information, organising community health sessions, and facilitating access to healthcare services.
ASHA Workers: ASHA workers serve as a crucial link between the healthcare system and rural communities. They educate women on health practices, facilitate immunisations, provide maternal and child health services, and promote nutrition and hygiene awareness.
Sports Programs and Physical Activity Campaigns for Rural Women
To encourage physical fitness, various states have initiated sports programs and physical activity campaigns targeting rural women.
Haryana: The state government has launched the "Khel Mahakumbh," encouraging women's participation in various sports activities, aiming to promote physical fitness and identify sporting talent in rural areas.
Madhya Pradesh: The "Gramin Khel Utsav" is organised to engage rural women in sports, fostering a culture of physical activity and healthy living.
Women Benefiting from These Initiatives
Numerous women have benefited from these initiatives, leading to improved health outcomes and empowerment. In Uttar Pradesh, the collaboration between SHGs and local health systems has led to a significant increase in institutional deliveries, reducing maternal and infant mortality rates.
In states like Bihar and Jharkhand, women participating in SHGs have reported improved health-seeking behaviours, increased awareness about nutrition, and enhanced social status within their communities. These concerted efforts by state governments, in collaboration with community-based organisations, have substantially contributed to enhancing women's health and fitness in rural India, leading to healthier communities and empowered women.