Every year, as the cold sets in across Europe, Central Asia, and the Arctic regions, thousands of birds embark on an incredible journey southwards, seeking milder climates and abundant food sources. From November to February, India transforms into a haven for these winged travellers, offering them a variety of habitats, including wetlands, lakes, riverbanks, and coastal lagoons.
Birdwatchers and nature lovers in India are in for a treat, as these migratory birds add a splash of colour and activity to the country’s already diverse birdlife. Whether you are an avid birdwatcher, a photographer, or simply someone who enjoys being surrounded by nature, these seven locations offer some of the best opportunities to observe these magnificent creatures in their winter homes.
1. Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan
Previously known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Keoladeo National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most famous bird sanctuaries in India. This artificial wetland supports more than 370 bird species, making it an essential stopover for migratory birds. During winter, the park comes alive with thousands of birds, including the rare Siberian crane, which was once a regular visitor but is now an increasingly rare sight. Other notable species include painted storks, bar-headed geese, pelicans, and various species of ducks and waders.
Birdwatchers can explore the park on foot, by cycle, or in a rickshaw, with local guides offering fascinating insights into the bird species and their migratory patterns.
2. Sambhar Salt Lake, Rajasthan
Sambhar Lake, India’s largest inland saltwater lake, turns into an extraordinary birdwatching site during the winter months. The shallow waters, rich in algae and small aquatic creatures, attract thousands of flamingos, both the greater and lesser varieties, creating a mesmerising sight with their pink-hued presence. Apart from flamingos, the lake is also home to pelicans, ducks, sandpipers, and avocets, making it an unmissable destination for bird lovers.
The stark, otherworldly landscape of the salt lake, combined with the sheer number of birds, makes it an excellent location for wildlife photography as well.
3. Rajasthan Wetlands
Apart from Keoladeo and Sambhar Lake, Rajasthan is home to several lesser-known yet equally important wetland habitats that attract migratory birds. Wetlands such as Ramgarh Vishdhari Sanctuary, the Ghaggar-Hakra river system, and Tal Chhapar Sanctuary are teeming with life in the winter months.
These wetlands provide crucial resting and feeding grounds for species such as the Eurasian wigeon, lesser whistling duck, northern pintail, and common teal. The quieter nature of these sites compared to the more popular bird sanctuaries also allows for a more peaceful and intimate birdwatching experience.
4. Mount Abu, Rajasthan
Rajasthan’s only hill station, Mount Abu, may not be the first place that comes to mind for birdwatching, but it is an excellent winter retreat for several migratory species. The forests surrounding Nakki Lake and the adjoining hills attract birds like the long-legged buzzard, Indian eagle owl, and various species of thrushes and warblers.
Mount Abu’s mixed forest ecosystem provides shelter and food for these species, making it an excellent stopover point in their migratory journey. Given its cool weather and scenic beauty, it is a great location for a winter getaway that combines nature, relaxation, and birdwatching.
Best Time to Visit: December to February.
5. Chambal River Sanctuary
Spread across Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh, the Chambal River Sanctuary is best known for its population of gharial crocodiles and river dolphins, but it is also a paradise for migratory birds. The clean, unpolluted waters and rich riverbanks attract a variety of winter visitors, including the striking Indian skimmer, ruddy shelduck, black-bellied tern, and bar-headed geese.
The sanctuary’s peaceful environment and abundant birdlife make it a rewarding experience for birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts. Boat safaris along the Chambal River provide an opportunity to get up close to these beautiful birds in their natural habitat.
6. Kolleru Lake, Andhra Pradesh
Located between the Krishna and Godavari delta, Kolleru Lake is one of India’s largest freshwater lakes and a critical habitat for migratory birds. Designated as a Ramsar site, it provides a refuge to thousands of birds escaping the harsh winters of Central Asia and Siberia.
During winter, the lake is a bustling hub of activity, with species like the grey heron, black-winged stilt, white-bellied sea eagle, and northern shoveler making it their seasonal home. The sheer diversity and density of birdlife at Kolleru Lake make it one of the best birdwatching destinations in southern India.
Best Time to Visit: December to February.
7. Chilika Lake, Odisha
Chilika Lake is Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon and one of the most significant wintering grounds for migratory birds in India. The lake, which stretches across 1,100 square kilometres, welcomes over a million birds each winter. Among its star visitors are lesser flamingos, bar-headed geese, Eurasian curlews, and ospreys.
The lake’s Nalabana Island is a designated bird sanctuary and offers some of the best birdwatching experiences in the country. Boating through the lake’s shallow waters gives visitors a chance to witness flocks of birds in action, often in breathtaking formations.
Apart from its avian visitors, Chilika Lake is also famous for its Irrawaddy dolphins, making it a fantastic wildlife destination beyond birdwatching.
Best Time to Visit: December to February.
Conclusion
India’s diverse landscapes provide some of the most incredible birdwatching opportunities during the winter months. From vast wetlands and salt lakes to rivers and hill forests, these destinations come alive with the arrival of migratory birds, offering an unforgettable experience for nature lovers.
Whether you are a seasoned birdwatcher or just starting, visiting these places will not only offer you the chance to see rare and beautiful birds but also deepen your appreciation for India’s rich biodiversity.