Diwali is undoubtedly one of the biggest festivals celebrated in India. This joyous occasion is celebrated with lights, sweets, rangolis, and colours. Unfortunately, this is also the time when people are more exposed to fire. Even if you’re not recklessly burn crackers, getting burns from diyas or while cooking up a Diwali feast is also a possibility you have to be prepared for. These can lead to mild to severe burns where often the skin or deeper tissues get damaged. In such cases, immediate care can greatly reduce damage and prove to be life-saving. The steps that need to be taken depend on the degree of damage. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA, this is how you should take care of different types of burn injuries.
First-degree burn
How to identify it: These affect the outer layer of skin and often appear red and swollen.
What to do: Put a cold compress over the burnt area or run it under water. Once the burning sensation reduces, cover the area with clean gauze or dressing. Avoid applying ointments as that could lead to infections. First-degree burns usually heal on their own, but if a large part of the body is burnt, it is best to consult a doctor immediately.
Second-degree burn
How to identify it: These are more severe than first-degree burns and you may spot blisters and deep redness. The area may also appear wet and shiny and skin will be extremely painful to touch.
What to do: To prevent shock, make the victim lie down flat on a surface and elevate their feet. Avoid this step if the person has injuries on their hands, legs, or back, or feels uncomfortable. Remember, second-degree burns–no matter how small–need immediate medical care. In the meantime, you can place the burnt area under cool running water for 10 minutes and then apply a cold compress. Dab skin with a clean, dry cloth and place sterile gauze over it. Don’t apply any ointments or creams and immediately contact a professional.
Third-degree burn
How to identify it: This involves the whole outer layer as well as the immediate layer of skin under it being burnt. The person may not feel any pain as the nerve endings may be scorched. These kinds of burns are the most severe and need immediate hospitalisation. However, if the area is small, there are a few things you can do while you seek medical care.
What to do: Cover the area with a clean cloth that doesn’t cause lint. Don’t apply any creams or ointments or try to clean the injury yourself. If the wound is on the face, keep the person upright and check for breathing issues and if it is on the arm or leg, make sure you elevate it. Take steps to prevent shocks by making sure the person lies down on a flat surface and raises their feet at least 12 inches above the ground.